What is the general principle of chemical equilibrium?

The general principle of chemical equilibrium is defined by the condition where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. This means that, in a closed system, the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time, even though both the forward and reverse reactions are continuously occurring. This dynamic balance is established when the rate at which reactants are converted to products matches the rate at which products are converted back to reactants, allowing the system to achieve a stable state.

Recognizing that equilibrium does not imply equal concentrations of reactants and products is crucial. Instead, it focuses on the rates of reactions being in balance. This principle is foundational in understanding chemical dynamics and is widely applicable in various chemical processes.